To obtain high quality muscle pathology slides, appropriate techniques must be used in all pre-analytic processes including muscle biopsy (surgery), fixation, and transportation. Under the collaboration between National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Japan and Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand, we have produced teaching videos for those procedures. There are three videos: 1) Surgical procedure of Open muscle biopsy, 2) Fixation techniques of biopsied muscle, and 3) Transportation of frozen muscle; and each has three language versions: English, Japanese and Thai. NCNP and Siriraj Hospital hold the copyright. The videos can be used for medical and academic purposes for free under the condition that any part of the videos is NOT modified and the source of the videos is clearly indicated. The videos are endorsed by a number of academic societies listed at the bottom of this page.
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Survey on the teaching videos for muscle biopsy, fixation and transportation
Open muscle biopsy
The video shows the recommended surgical technique of muscle biopsy.
Fixation of the biopsied muscle
The video shows the recommended techniques of freeze fixation (for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry) and glutaraldehyde fixation (for electron microscopic study) for biopsied muscle. Biopsied muscles should NOT be fixed with formalin unless there is a specific reason. Correct freeze fixation technique must always be used to avoid artifacts which are most frequently caused by inappropriate maneuver during the fixation procedure or mishandling of the frozen sample.
Transportation of frozen muscle
When frozen muscles are sent to pathology lab, a special care should be taken not to defrost the samples. This is especially the case in tropical region. This video shows how to send frozen muscles in tropical area.
Asian Oceanian Myology Center |
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International Academy of Pathology, Thailand Division |
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Japan Muscle Society |
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Japanese Society of Child Neurology |
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Neurological Society of Thailand |
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Royal College of Pathologists of Thailand |
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TREAT-NMD |
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World Muscle Society |