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We found a novel calcium binding protein, designated Iba-1, specifically expressed in microglia. Iba-1 is 17 kDa protein and is phosphorylated at serine residue. The expression of Iba-1 is up-regulated in microglia following the axotomy of facial nerve, suggesting that Iba-1 is one of the key molecules involved in the microglial function.

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